Is Penicillin Allergy a Risk Factor for Early Dental Implant Failure? A Systematic Review

doi:10.3390/antibiotics10101227

★ Alto impactoQ1 · Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular BiologyImpact Factor · 5.77

AutoresÁngel-Orión Salgado-Peralvo, Juan‐Francisco Peña‐Cardelles, Naresh Kewalramani, Iván Ortiz-García, Álvaro Jiménez-Guerra, Andrea Uribarri, Eugenio Velasco‐Ortega, Jesús Moreno-Muñoz, Enrique Núñez-Márquez, Loreto Monsalve-Guil

Por qué importa

Este artículo explora si la alergia a la penicilina representa un factor de riesgo para el fracaso temprano de los implantes dentales. Ante la necesidad de prescribir antibióticos profilácticos en estos tratamientos, y dada la contraindicación de la amoxicilina en pacientes alérgicos, se analizó la literatura científica disponible. La revisión sistemática identificó que la clindamicina, alternativa común en pacientes alérgicos, se ha asociado con un riesgo significativamente elevado de fracaso y complicaciones infecciosas. Si bien no se puede concluir de forma definitiva que la alergia a la penicilina sea un factor de riesgo per se, dada la naturaleza de los estudios revisados, la evidencia sugiere que las alternativas antibióticas y ciertos tipos de implantes (inmediatos) podrían influir en los resultados. Es fundamental considerar estas asociaciones en la planificación del tratamiento implantológico.

Abstract original

The prescription of preventive antibiotics in dental implant treatments reduces the incidence of early failures. This study has focused mainly on the influence of amoxicillin, which is contraindicated in penicillin-allergic patients. The present systematic review aimed to determine whether penicillin-allergic patients have a higher risk of implant failure compared to non-allergic patients. An electronic search was performed on Medline and Web of Science using the following MeSH terms: (penicillin allergy OR clindamycin OR erythromycin OR azithromycin OR metronidazole) AND (dental implant OR dental implant failure OR dental implant complications). The criteria employed were those described in the PRISMA® Declaration. Only five articles were included that analyzed the failure rates of implants placed in penicillin-allergic patients who were prescribed clindamycin compared to non-allergic patients who were prescribed amoxicillin. With the limitations of this study, it is not possible to state that penicillin allergy per se constitutes a risk factor for early dental implant failure as most of the studies included self-reported allergic patients. Clindamycin has been associated with a significantly elevated risk of failure and an up to six times increased risk of infection. Immediate implants also have a 5.7 to 10 times higher risk of failure.

Leer texto completo ↗DOI · 10.3390/antibiotics10101227

Autores Doctor&Cols

Cómo citar

Salgado-Peralvo Á, Peña‐Cardelles J, Kewalramani N, Ortiz-García I, Jiménez-Guerra Á, Uribarri A, et al. Is Penicillin Allergy a Risk Factor for Early Dental Implant Failure? A Systematic Review. Antibiotics. 2021. doi:10.3390/antibiotics10101227