Este estudio investigó la concentración de iones metálicos en pacientes con implantes dentales de titanio y diversas restauraciones metálicas en la cavidad oral, evaluando su posible influencia mutua y su relación con el daño genotóxico en células de la mucosa oral. Se incluyeron 105 pacientes distribuidos en siete grupos, uno de control, comparando concentraciones de metales como titanio, cobalto, níquel y mercurio. Si bien se observaron concentraciones más elevadas de ciertos iones metálicos en pacientes con implantes y otras restauraciones, el análisis mediante el ensayo de micronúcleos citados en células bucales no reveló indicios de daño genotóxico. Estos hallazgos son relevantes para la práctica clínica al confirmar la ausencia de efectos genotóxicos a pesar de la presencia de múltiples materiales metálicos, reforzando la seguridad general de los implantes de titanio en combinación con otras restauraciones habituales.
Background: Titanium is the most widely used metal in implant dentistry. In spite of its biocompatibility, when it is released into the oral environment, it can have local negative biological effects.
Purpose: The aims of this study were to detect the concentration of metal ions in patients with dental implants, to evaluate whether or not their release might be influenced by the presence of other metals, and to assay whether these ions might provoke genotoxic damage in oral mucosa cells.
Materials and methods: One hundred five patients with a total of 180 dental implants were included. The sample was divided into seven groups (n = 15 per group). Group 1 consisted of patients with metal-porcelain fixed crowns on dental implants; Group 2, patients with metal-porcelain fixed crowns on teeth; Group 3, patients with dental amalgams; Group 4, patients with metal-porcelain fixed crowns on dental implants and metal-porcelain fixed crowns on teeth; Group 5, patients with metal-porcelain fixed crowns on dental implants and dental amalgams; and Group 6, patients with metal-porcelain fixed crowns on dental implants, metal-porcelain fixed crowns on teeth, and dental amalgams. Group 7 was the control group, without any dental treatment. The concentration of metal ions was detected using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; genotoxicity was measured using the buccal micronucleus cytome assay protocol.
Results: Group 5 displayed the highest concentration of metal ions in parts per billion (Ti, Co, Ni, Zn, Pd, Sn, and Pb). Group 6 was characterized by the highest presence of Hg. No signs of genotoxic damage were found in any of the study groups.
Conclusions: Patients with titanium dental implants combined with other metal restorations presented higher concentrations of metal ions, but no genotoxic damage was observed in oral mucosal epithelial cells.
Keywords: dental implants; genotoxic damage; metal ions.
Camacho-Alonso F, Sánchez-Siles M, Águila OG. No Evidence of Genotoxic Damage in a Group of Patients with Titanium Dental Implants and Different Metal Restorations in the Oral Cavity. Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research. 2014. doi:10.1111/cid.12163
