Producción científica2026· Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists
Morphological characterization of extra-alveolar anchorage sites for orthodontic anchorage through miniscrews: A scoping review
Q4 · DentistryImpact Factor · 0.377
AutoresCarlos de Julián-López, José María Barrera-Mora, Andrés Palanco-Cárdenas, Francisco Pastor-Dorado, Carlos Flores-Mir, Eduardo Espinar-Escalona
Por qué importa
Este artículo aborda la caracterización morfológica de las zonas de anclaje extraalveolar, específicamente la cresta infrazigomática (IZC) y el reborde bucal mandibular (MBS), para el anclaje ortodóntico mediante minitornillos. La revisión de alcance identifica una heterogeneidad considerable en los protocolos de adquisición y análisis de tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (CBCT) utilizados en la literatura existente. Esta variabilidad metodológica dificulta la comparación directa de los hallazgos, subrayando la necesidad de estandarizar los protocolos de medición morfológica. Comprender estas características anatómicas es crucial para optimizar la colocación de minitornillos y mejorar la eficacia del tratamiento ortodóntico en la práctica clínica.
BACKGROUND: Extra-alveolar anchorage sites, particularly the infrazygomatic crest (IZC) and the mandibular buccal shelf (MBS), are increasingly used for orthodontic anchorage. Although cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is widely employed to evaluate these regions, the available evidence shows substantial methodological heterogeneity. OBJECTIVE: To map the CBCT-based evidence on the morphological characteristics of the infrazygomatic crest and mandibular buccal shelf as extra-alveolar anchorage sites for orthodontic miniscrews. METHODS: A scoping review was conducted following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library through June 2025. Observational studies reporting CBCT-based anatomical measurements of the IZC and/or MBS were included and charted descriptively. RESULTS: Of the 58 initially identified records, 13 studies were finally included. Considerable heterogeneity was observed in CBCT acquisition protocols, measurement approaches, anatomical reference points, and studied populations, limiting direct comparability across studies. CONCLUSIONS: Current CBCT-based evidence on the morphology of extra-alveolar anchorage sites is highly heterogeneous. This scoping review provides a structured overview of the existing literature on the IZC and MBS and underscores the need for greater standardization of morphological measurement protocols.
Julián-López CD, Barrera-Mora JM, Palanco-Cárdenas A, Pastor-Dorado F, Flores-Mir C, Espinar-Escalona E. Morphological characterization of extra-alveolar anchorage sites for orthodontic anchorage through miniscrews: A scoping review. Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists. 2026. doi:10.1016/j.ejwf.2026.05.001
