AutoresÁngel-Orión Salgado-Peralvo, Juan‐Francisco Peña‐Cardelles, Naresh Kewalramani, María‐Victoria Mateos‐Moreno, Álvaro Jiménez-Guerra, Eugenio Velasco‐Ortega, Andrea Uribarri, Jesús Moreno-Muñoz, Iván Ortiz-García, Enrique Núñez-Márquez, Loreto Monsalve-Guil
Se ha llevado a cabo una revisión sistemática para evaluar la efectividad de la terapia antibiótica preventiva en la colocación de implantes inmediatos, una práctica asociada a un elevado riesgo de fracaso temprano. La investigación, que analizó ocho estudios publicados entre 2010 y 2021, concluye que la administración de antibióticos puede reducir la tasa de fracaso en estas situaciones. Se proponen pautas para su uso, recomendando amoxicilina en dosis específicas antes y después de la cirugía, y sugiriendo alternativas como azitromicina, claritromicina o metronidazol en pacientes con alergia a la penicilina. El objetivo es optimizar la prescripción para mitigar la resistencia antimicrobiana, un desafío creciente en la práctica clínica.
Immediate implants present a high risk of early failure. To avoid this, preventive antibiotics (PAs) are prescribed; however, their inappropriate administration leads to antimicrobial resistance. The present study aims to clarify whether the prescription of PAs reduces the rate of early failure of immediate implants and to establish guidelines to avoid the overprescription of these drugs. An electronic search of the MEDLINE database (via PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS and OpenGrey was carried out. The criteria described in the PRISMA® statement were used. The search was temporarily restricted from 2010 to 2021. The risk of bias was analysed using the SIGN Methodological Assessment Checklist for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and the JBI Prevalence Critical Appraisal Tool. After searching, eight studies were included that met the established criteria. With the limitations of this study, it can be stated that antibiotic prescription in immediate implants reduces the early failure rate. Preoperative administration of 2–3 g amoxicillin one hour before surgery followed by 500 mg/8 h for five to seven days is recommended. It is considered prudent to avoid the use of clindamycin in favour of azithromycin, clarithromycin or metronidazole in penicillin allergy patients until further studies are conducted.
Salgado-Peralvo Á, Peña‐Cardelles J, Kewalramani N, Mateos‐Moreno M, Jiménez-Guerra Á, Velasco‐Ortega E, et al. Preventive Antibiotic Therapy in the Placement of Immediate Implants: A Systematic Review. Antibiotics. 2021. doi:10.3390/antibiotics11010005
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