AutoresJF. Peña-Cardelles, Ángel-Orión Salgado-Peralvo, P. Garrido-Martínez, José Luis Cebrián Carretero, José Juan Pozo‐Kreilinger, E Rodríguez
Este artículo de revisión sistemática examina la incidencia de mucositis oral en pacientes con cáncer oral sometidos a inmunoterapia con inhibidores de puntos de control inmunitario (PD-1/PD-L1), comparándola con la observada tras terapias convencionales como la quimioterapia. Los resultados sugieren una menor prevalencia de esta lesión ulcerosa y dolorosa en pacientes tratados con los nuevos anticuerpos monoclonales en comparación con fármacos como metotrexato, cisplatino o cetuximab. Dada la implicación de la mucositis oral en la suspensión de tratamientos oncológicos y la alimentación, es fundamental que el odontólogo esté al tanto de estas diferencias. Aunque se requieren más estudios para confirmar estos hallazgos, esta información contribuye a una mejor comprensión de los efectos adversos de las nuevas terapias oncológicas y su manejo.
BACKGROUND: Oral mucositis (OM) is a painful lesion that takes place in the mucosa of the oral cavity, usually its etiology is associated with drug therapies in cancer patients. It is presented as well-defined ulcers whose painful symptomatology sometimes implies the suspension of oncological treatment or parenteral feeding, being therefore an important adverse effect, marking the evolution of these types of therapies against cancer. The present work aim is to know the prevalence of oral mucositis in oral cancer immunotherapy compared to its prevalence in standard therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A protocol was developed for a systematic review following PRISMA® guidelines and a focused question (PICO) was constructed. A comprehensive literature search was conducted on electronic databases including PubMed, the SCOPUS database, the Cochrane library and the Web of Science (WOS). RESULTS: Six clinical trials were included that met the different inclusion criteria. In these articles, a discrepancy between the prevalence of OM in patients treated with chemotherapy and patients treated with immunotherapy related to the immune checkpoint PD-1/PD-L1 (Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab) was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of oral mucositis is lower in new immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies against oral cancer than drugs used so far (chemotherapy drugs [methotrexate, cisplatin] as well as cetuximab). However, more studies should be carried out to confirm these data.
Peña-Cardelles J, Salgado-Peralvo Á, Garrido-Martínez P, Carretero JLC, Pozo‐Kreilinger JJ, Rodríguez E. Oral mucositis. Is it present in the immunotherapy of the immune checkpoint pd1/pd-l1 against oral cancer? A systematic review. Medicina oral, patología oral y cirugía bucal. 2021. doi:10.4317/medoral.24353
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